Human: Well, my boyfriend made me come here.Ĭomputer: YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE Human: They’re always bugging us about something or other.Ĭomputer: CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE? (Notice how the program takes keywords like “boyfriend” and “depressed” and re-uses them.) The program would take something the user said and reflect it back with a question, as can be seen in the example below. To encourage ongoing dialogue, Weizenbaum designed Eliza to simulate the type of conversational style used by a Rogerian psychoanalyst. Eliza scanned the message for the presence of a keyword and used it in a new sentence to form a response that was sent back, printed out, and read by the user. When the user typed in a sentence and pressed enter, a message was sent to the mainframe computer. The new Eliza was written for the 36-bit IBM 7094, an early transistorized mainframe computer, in a programming language that Weizenbaum developed called MAD-SLIP.īecause computer time was a valuable resource, Eliza could only be run via a time-sharing system the user interacted with the program remotely via an electric typewriter and printer. He named the program Eliza after Eliza Doolittle, the working-class hero of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion who learns how to talk with an upper-class accent. As Weizenbaum explained, his program made “certain kinds of natural-language conversation between man and computer possible.” While there were already some rudimentary digital language generators in existence-programs that could spit out somewhat coherent lines of text-Weizenbaum’s program was the first designed explicitly for interactions with humans. The user could type in some statement or set of statements in their normal language, press enter, and receive a response from the machine. This is part four of a six-part series on the history of natural language processing.īetween 19, Joseph Weizenbaum, a German American computer scientist at MIT’s artificial intelligence lab, developed the first-ever chatbot .
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